廳 thiann|The Main Hall|家的中心
位於後落正中間,是家最重要、最明亮的室內空間。一般作客廳與祖公廳。較深的正廳,常於後方設置壽屏;家中長輩過世前,棺木也會暫時停放於此。軍管時期之後的二層以上住宅,包括國民住宅則多將祖公廳設於此處垂直向上的二樓或三樓。正廳左右兩間通常為長輩或長子的住房(稱之為大房tuā-pâng)。正廳既是祭祀祖先的地方,也是家族聚會、迎賓的重要空間。
“逢年過節、婚喪喜慶,一家人都聚在廳裡。”
The heart of the house, used for ancestor worship, family gatherings, and receiving guests. It is the most important indoor space in a traditional Kinmen home.
攑頭 kia̍h-thâu|Side Wing 生活頻繁的角落
進入大門左右二處的建築體,樓高較主落低矮。除了作為老二老三各家的住處外,也作為廚房(灶腳)及儲藏室。甚至也會將牛這類貴重家畜養在尾攑。
“以前灶腳就在攑頭,煮飯、燒柴、聊天。”
The lower side wings flanking the courtyard were used as bedrooms, kitchens, storage rooms, and sometimes even shelters for valuable livestock.
半樓仔 puànn-lâu-á|Mezzanine Loft|藏著家的記憶
主落左右兩間住房內的閣樓,沒有完整樓高,稱為半樓,一般作儲藏空間。居民回憶早期曾有水頭出洋客回鄉,把帶回的白銀與舶來品(番物)堆置過多甚至還壓垮木樓地板。此處溫度較高,較少在此休憩;現代民宿加裝冷氣,會作為家庭房使用。
“這裡是以前我跟妹妹玩耍的閣樓秘密基地。”
A low attic for storing family belongings. Today, some have been adapted into guest rooms in renovated homes.
深井 tshim-tsínn|Skywell Courtyard|讓光走進屋裡
前後落與攑頭圍出的露天中庭,又稱天井。進入正廳前必須先經過天井,因此多了一層隱蔽性,也讓屋內引入陽光與空氣。有些人家會在此設井、種植盆栽或燒金紙;夏天晚上會把餐桌搬到天井吃晚餐,甚至會直接在這裡睡覺過夜。
“下雨時,看著雨滴落進天井,是許多人童年的記憶”
An open-air courtyard that brings light and fresh air into the house. It was also a place for daily family activities, from gardening to family dinners on summer evenings.
磚坪 tsng-pînn|Flat Roof Terrace|曬物,也曬日子
攑頭上方的平頂所在,傳統農漁家用來曬蚵乾、土豆和漁獲的曝曬場之一。夏季晚風徐徐,沒有冷氣的年代,人們也常在這裡睡覺。
“夏天吃完晚飯,就搬草蓆到磚坪睡覺,抬頭滿天是星星。”
A rooftop space for drying crops, seafood, and other harvests. In summer, families often slept here under the stars.
巷頭 hāng-thâu|Breezy Passage|最舒服的風口
正廳前簷到天井之間的廊下通路,此區上有遮蔭與兩側有門,形成的巷頭風,是夏季避暑的最佳位置;也是孩子追逐的通道。
“夏天最舒服的地方,就是巷頭。阿嬤下晡都在這裡秋凊。”
A shaded passage where cool breezes flow through. It was a favorite place to rest, chat, and escape the summer heat.
五腳基 gōo-kha-khì|Five-foot Way|有風、有景的生活空間
即騎樓。在金門,五腳基則轉變為1910年代洋樓建築的門廊形式,具有遮陽避雨的功能;後浦模範街沿街二旁的騎樓則為真正意義上的五腳基。南洋街道常見理髮攤、麵攤與茶館設於五腳基,以前亦有代客寫信乃至賣藥行商,統稱為五腳基行業。人們在此停留、避雨、遮陽、聊天、喝Kobi。金門早年生活艱苦,祖輩多勉勵勤奮工作,少有悠閒停留的時間。直到近年洋樓咖啡館與民宿興起,人們才重新在這片有風、有景的空間裡放慢腳步。
“以前匆匆經過,現在反而會坐下來喝杯咖啡、吹吹風。”
A covered arcade that provides shade and shelter. Once a place for small businesses, today it is a welcoming space for cafés and everyday life.
涵空 iâm-khang|Pet Door|留給動物的小門
音同「掩康」,閩南傳統建築在正面圍牆低處,在正門邊上特地留的小門洞,讓貓、狗自由出入的孔道,也叫「狗涵空」。以前海盜仍會上岸打劫的時代,居民防衛手段便是從涵空放狗出來咬人。
“小時候家裡的狗、貓都知道要從涵空自己回家。”
A small opening in the wall that allows cats and dogs to come and go freely. It reflects the close relationship between people and their working animals.
埕 tiânn|Front Yard|屋前的生活廣場
屋前空地,是曬農作物、辦喜喪事、孩子奔跑的半公共空間。鋪設洋灰埕(以前以殼灰、海藻漿,與沙石拌出來的水泥,也稱紅土埕)可曬農作物,如:番籤、番脯(地瓜製品)與土豆。早期重要場域如祖厝前或經濟狀況較好的家庭才會鋪設石頭埕。
“以前我們玩彈珠時,會特別選紅土埕,可以就地畫圈或戳凹洞。”
An open space in front of the house for drying crops, family ceremonies, children's games, and everyday activities. It was the outdoor living space of the household.
防空洞 hông-khong-tōng|Air-raid Shelter|從戰爭到日常
1958年八二三砲戰後,金門歷經長達21年的「單打雙不打」砲擊,建築法規開始要求住宅設置防空洞,以供居民躲避砲擊。防空洞需設有兩個出入口,部分甚至與公共坑道相連。曾經的避難空間,也是許多孩子記憶中的遊戲場,如今更多是家戶存放高粱酒的儲藏室。
“沒有砲擊的日子,我們會在防空洞裡玩捉迷藏、養魚、玩水(會積水)。”
Built during the Cold War to protect families from shelling. Today, many shelters are used for storage, while preserving wartime memories in Kinmen.
風窗厝仔 huang-thang-tsù-á|Mumty|頂樓的小房間
軍管時期的建築中,樓梯連通頂樓露台的小屋,大小不一,有些作為佛廳、儲藏間或者房間。因位於屋頂、日照強烈,是個極熱的空間。
“家裡人多房間不夠,我都睡在風通厝仔,夏天真是熱得要命!”
A small rooftop structure built over a staircase exit to protect the stairs from rain and sun. It can also serve as storage, a shrine room, or an extra bedroom despite the summer heat.